The Treaty of Greenville
August 3, 1795
A treaty of
peace between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians
called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas,
Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and
Kaskaskias.
To put an end to
a destructive war, to settle all controversies, and to restore harmony and
friendly intercourse between the said United States and Indian tribes,
Anthony Wayne, major general commanding the army of the United States, and
sole commissioner for the good purposes above mentioned, and the said
tribes of Indians, by their sachems, chiefs, and warriors, met together at
Greenville, the head quarters of the said army, have agreed on the
following articles, which, when ratified by the President, with the advice
and consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on them
and the said Indian tribes.
Article 1
Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace is hereby established, and
shall be perpetual; and a friendly intercourse shall take place between
the said United States and Indian tribes.
Article 2
All
prisoners shall, on both sides, be restored. The Indians, prisoners to the
United States, shall be immediately set at liberty. The people of the
United States, still remaining prisoners among the Indians, shall be
delivered up in ninety days from the date hereof, to the general or
commanding officer at Greenville, fort Wayne, or fort Defiance; and ten
chiefs of the said tribes shall remain at Greenville as hostages, until
the delivery of the prisoners shall be effected.
Article 3
The
general boundary line between the lands of the United States and the lands
of the said Indian tribes, shall begin at the mouth of Cayahoga river, and
run thence up the same to the portage, between that and the Tuscarawas
branch of the Muskingum, thence down that branch to the crossing place
above fort Lawrence, thence westerly to a fork of that branch of the Great
Miami river, running into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie's
store, and where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio, and
St. Mary's river, which is a branch of the Miami which runs into lake
Erie; thence a westerly course to fort Recovery, which stands on a branch
of the Wabash; thence southwesterly in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to
intersect that river opposite the mouth of Kentucke or Cuttawa river. And
in consideration of the peace now established; of the goods formerly
received from the United States; of those now to be delivered; and of the
yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter; and to
indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses they have
sustained during the war, the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and
relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and
southwardly of the general boundary line now described: and these lands,
or any part of them, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on
the part of the said tribes, or any of them, of war or injury to the
United States, or any of the people thereof.
And for the same
considerations, and as an evidence of the returning friendship of the said
Indian tribes, of their confidence in the United States, and desire to
provide for their accommodations, and for that convenient intercourse
which will be beneficial to both parties, the said Indian tribes do also
cede to the United States the following pieces of land, to wit:
- 1) One piece of land six miles square, at or near Loromie's store,
before mentioned.
- 2) One piece two miles square, at the head of the navigable water
or landing, on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town.
- 3) One piece six miles square, at the head of the navigable water
of the Auglaize river.
- 4) One piece six miles square, at the confluence of the Auglaize
and Miami rivers, where fort Defiance now stands.
- 5) One piece six miles square, at or near the confluence of the
rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where fort Wayne now stands, or
near it.
- 6) One piece two miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles
westward from fort Wayne.
- 7) One piece six miles square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns,
on the Wabash river.
- 8) One piece twelve miles square, at the British fort on the Miami
of the lake, at the foot of the rapids.
- 9) One piece six miles square, at the mouth of the said river,
where it empties into the lake.
- 10) One piece six miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort
formerly stood.
- 11) One piece two miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky
river.
- 12) The post of Detroit, and all the land to the north, the west
and the south of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished
by gifts or grants to the French or English governments: and so much
more land to be annexed to the district of Detroit, as shall be
comprehended between the river Rosine, on the south, lake St. Clair
on the north, and a line, the general course whereof shall be six
miles distant from the west end of lake Erie and Detroit river.
- 13) The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island on
which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, of which the
Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the Frewnch
or English governments; and a piece of land on the main to the north
of the island, to measure six miles, on lake Huron, or the strait
between lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three miles back
from the water of the lake or strait; and also, the Island De Bois
Blane, being an extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation.
- 14) One piece of land six miles square, at the mouth of Chikago
river, emptying into the southwest end of lake Michigan, where a
fort formerly stood.
- 15) One piece twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the
Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi.
- 16) One piece six miles square, at the old Piorias fort and
village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said Illinois
river. And whenever the United States shall think proper to survey
and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they
shall give timely notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians, that
they may appoint some of their wise chiefs to attend and see that
the lines are run according to the terms of this treaty.
And the said
Indian tribes will allow to the people of the United States a free passage
by land and by water, as one and the other shall be found convenient,
through their country, along the chain of posts hereinbefore mentioned;
that is to say, from the commencement of the portage aforesaid, at or near
Loromie's store, thence along said portage to the St. Mary's, and down the
same to fort Wayne, and then down the Miami, to lake Erie; again, from the
commencement of the portage at or near Loromie's store along the portage
from thence to the river Auglaize, and down the same to its junction with
the Miami at fort Defiance; again, from the commencement of the portage
aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky bay and lake
Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which shall be taken at or near the
foot of the Rapids of the Miami of the lake; and from thence to Detroit.
Again, from the mouth of Chikago, to the commencement of the portage,
between that river and the Illinois, and down the Illinois river to the
Mississippi; also, from fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid, which
leads to the Wabash, and then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said
Indian tribes will also allow to the people of the United States, the free
use of the harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes adjoining the
Indian lands, for sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their
cargoes where necessary for their safety.
Article 4
In
consideration of the peace now established, and of the cessions and
relinquishments of lands made in the preceding article by the said tribes
of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United States, as the
great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual, the United
States relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands northward of the
river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of the
Great Lakes and the waters, uniting them, according to the boundary line
agreed on by the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the
treaty of peace made between them in the year 1783. But from this
relinquishment by the United States, the following tracts of land are
explicitly excepted:
1st. The tract
on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the rapids of the river Ohio,
which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use of himself and his
warriors.
2nd. The post of
St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash, and the lands adjacent, of which the
Indian title has been extinguished.
3rd. The lands
at all other places in possession of the French people and other white
settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished as
mentioned in the 3d article; and
4th. The post of
fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of
land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the title and claim which
they or any of them may have.
And for the same
considerations and with the same views as above mentioned, the United
States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a quantity of goods to the
value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt whereof they do hereby
acknowledge; and henceforward every year, forever, the United States will
deliver, at some convenient place northward of the river Ohio, like useful
goods, suited to the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine
thousand five hundred dollars; reckoning that value at the first cost of
the goods in the city or place in the United States where they shall be
procured. The tribes to which those goods are to be annually delivered,
and the proportions in which they are to be delivered, are the following:
1st. To the
Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars.
2nd. To the
Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars.
3rd. To the
Shawanees, the amount of one thousand dollars.
4th. To the Miamis,
the amount of one thousand dollars.
5th. To the Ottawas,
the amount of one thousand dollars.
6th. To the
Chippewas, the amount of one thousand dollars.
7th. To the
Pattawatimas, the amount of one thousand dollars, and
8th. To the
Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes, the amount of
five
hundred dollars each.
Provided, that
if either of the said tribes shall hereafter, at an annual delivery of
their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity
should be furnished in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and
other utensils convenient for them, and in compensation to useful
artificers who may reside with or near them, and be employed for their
benefit, the same shall, at the subsequent annual deliveries, be furnished
accordingly.
Article 5
To
prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lands relinquished by the
United States in the fourth article, it is now explicitly declared, that
the meaning of that relinquishment is this: the Indian tribes who have a
right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy them, hunting, planting, and
dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any molestation from the
United States; but when those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to
sell their lands, or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the
United States; and until such sale, the United States will protect all the
said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their lands against all
citizens of the United States, and against all other white persons who
intrude upon the same. And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge
themselves to be under the protection of the said United States, and no
other power whatever.
Article 6
If
any citizen of the United States, or any other white person or persons,
shall presume to settle upon the lands now relinquished by the United
States, such citizen or other person shall be out of the protection of the
United States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land the settlement shall be
made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in such manner as they
shall think fit; and because such settlements, made without the consent of
the United States, will be injurious to them as well as to the Indians,
the United States shall be at liberty to break them up, and remove and
punish the settlers as they shall think proper, and so effect that
protection of the Indian lands herein before stipulated.
Article 7
The
said tribes of Indians, parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty to
hunt within the territory and lands which they have now ceded to the
United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean
themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of the United
States.
Article 8
Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes; and they do hereby
respectively engage to afford protection to such persons, with their
property, as shall be duly licensed to reside among them for the purpose
of trade; and to their agents and servants; but no person shall be
permitted to reside among them for the purpose of trade; and to their
agents and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at any of
their towns or hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a
license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the superintendent of
the department northwest of the Ohio, or such other person as the
President of the United States shall authorize to grant such licenses; to
the end, that the said Indians may not be imposed on in their trade.* And
if any licensed trader shall abuse his privilege by unfair dealing, upon
complaint and proof thereof, his license shall be taken from him, and he
shall be further punished according to the laws of the United States. And
if any person shall intrude himself as a trader, without such license, the
said Indians shall take and bring him before the superintendent, or his
deputy, to be dealt with according to law. And to prevent impositions by
forged licenses, the said Indians shall, at lease once a year, give
information to the superintendent, or his deputies, on the names of the
traders residing among them.
Article 9
Lest the firm peace and friendship now established, should be interrupted
by the misconduct of individuals, the United States, and the said Indian
tribes agree, that for injuries done by individuals on either side, no
private revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead thereof,
complaint shall be made by the party injured, to the other: by the said
Indian tribes or any of them, to the President of the United States, or
the superintendent by him appointed; and by the superintendent or other
person appointed by the President, to the principal chiefs of the said
Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the offender belongs; and such
prudent measures shall then be taken as shall be necessary to preserve the
said peace and friendship unbroken, until the legislature (or great
council) of the United States, shall make other equitable provision in the
case, to the satisfaction of both parties. Should any Indian tribes
meditate a war against the United States, or either of them, and the same
shall come to the knowledge of the before mentioned tribes, or either of
them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the
general, or officer commanding the troops of the United States, at the
nearest post.
*See, in relation to this licensed trade, the "first explanatory
article" of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation, between
the United States and Great Britain, of the 19th of November, 1974.
And should any
tribe, with hostile intentions against the United States, or either of
them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent
the same, and in like manner give information of such attempt, to the
general, or officer commanding, as soon as possible, that all causes of
mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States.
In like manner, the United States shall give notice to the said Indian
tribes of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them,
that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder
and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be
uninterrupted.
Article 10
All
other treaties heretofore made between the United States, and the said
Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of 1783, between the
United States and Great Britain, that come within the purview of this
treaty, shall henceforth cease and become void.
In testimony
whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the sachems and war chiefs of the
before mentioned nations and tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their
hands and affixed their seals.
Done at
Greenville, in the territory of the United States northwest of the river
Ohio, on the third day of August, one thousand seven hundred and ninety
five.
Wyandots
- Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark L.S.
- J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
- Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Haroenyou, or half king's son, his x mark, L.S.
- Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
- Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
- Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
- Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
- Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
- Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.
Delawares
- Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
- Lemantanquis, or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
- Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
- Maghpiway, or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
- Kikthawenund, or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
- Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
- Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
- Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
- Amenahehan, or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
- Queshawksey, or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
- Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
- Moses, his x mark, L.S.
Shawanees
- Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
- Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
- Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
- Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
- Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
- Waytheah, or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
- Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
- Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Hahgoosekaw, or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
Ottawas
- Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
- Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
- La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
- Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
- Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
- Secaw, his x mark, L.S.
Chippewas
- Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
- Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
- Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
- Masass, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
- Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
- Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
- Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
- Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.
Ottawa
- Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky, his x mark, L.S.
Pattawatimas
- Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe, his x mark, L.S.
- Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
- Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
- Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan, his x mark, L.S.
- Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
- Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
- Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok, his x mark, L.S.
- Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
- La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother, Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
- Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
- Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
- Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
- Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
- Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
- Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse, his x mark, L.S.
Pattawatimas of Huron
- Okia, his x mark, L.S.
- Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
- Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
- Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin, his x mark, L.S.
- Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
- Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
- Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
- Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis and Eel Rivers
- Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
- Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.
Eel River Tribe
- Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S.
Miamis
- Wapamangwa, or the White Loon, his x mark, L.S.
Weas, for themselves & the Piankeshaws
- Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
- Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
- Francis, his x mark, L.S.
Kickapoos and Kaskaskias
- Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
- Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
- Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.
Delawares of Sandusky
- Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
- Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
- Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec'ry to Major Gen. Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O'Hara, Quartermaster Gen'l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen'l. Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo,
P. Frs. La Fontaine,
Ast. Lasselle,
Sworn interpret
ers. H. Lasselle,
Wm. We
lls, Js. Beau Bien,
Jacques Lasse
lle, David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S.
M. Morins,
Lewis Beaufait,
Bt. Sans Crainte,
R. Lachambre,
Christopher Miller,
Jas. Pepen,
Robert Wilson,
Baties Coutien,
Abraham Williams, his x mark
P. Navarre.
Isaac Zane, his x mark
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